Based on the relation of representament, object, and interpretant, Peirce (Sobur, 2004: 41-42) classified signs as follows:
1. Representament (the sign itself).The sign is directly related to the human being. It is divided into three parts as follows:
a). Qualisign is quality of the sign, such as the words like strong, soft, weak, green color and hard which refer to the material.
b). Sinsign is the actual existence of thing or the incident which set in sign, such as traffic sign and the word ‘blurred’ in ‘my vision is blurred’ signifies that there is something enters to my eyes.
c). Legisign is norm which contained by the sign or regulation, rule, law, such as umpire’s voice because of foul in the football match.
2. Object is a concept which is recognized by the user of the sign related to the repsentament. It is also included as semiotic process in a half way (R-O) (Christomy and Yuwono, 2004: 55). Based on the object, Peirce divided signs into three parts as follows:
a). Icon is a sign which is connected to the object because of the sameness, such as a photo or a map. A photo that we see (R) is reconciled with a man or a certain person whom we recognize (o).
b). Index is relation of a sign and the object because of causalities relation, such as smoke as the sign of fire existence. Smoke that visible in the distance (R) is perceived and reconciled with an incident of fire (o).
c). Symbol is relation between object and sign just because of agreement among the society. It sometimes signifies signs in arbitrary, such as a flag of traffic light. The red light in traffic light (R) we reconciled with the interpretation/ concept “stop” (O).
3. Interpretant is the interpretation of the user of the sign after representament connected to the object. Interpretant as the new signs which appear in the receiver’s mind which are also divided into three parts as follows:
a). Rheme is a sign which enable someone to interpret based on the choice (as a possibility), such as concept or someone whose eyes is red can be signified that she or he has just cried or just waken up or sleepy or eyerish.
b). Dicisign (dicent sign) is a sign as a fact, such as descriptive statement.
c). Argument is a sign that directly gives reason about something (appears like a logical reasoning), such as preposition.
As a suggestion for readers, if you want to review more about C.S.Peirce and his idea in linguistics, philosophy and semiotics, please follow Stanford Encyclopedia. It will be a reference for all the language and linguistics students and of course for researchers.
Sources:
Christomy, Tommy dan Untung Yuwono. 2004. Semiotika Budaya. Depok. Pusat Penelitian Kemasyarakatan dan Budaya. Direktorat Riset dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Universitas Indonesia.
Sobur, M. Si, Drs. Alex. 2004. Semiotika Komunikasi. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya Bandung.
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